All Levels Flow and Task Characteristics in EFL Reading: Insights from Japanese Classrooms more

When reading extensively, learners often exhibit a state of deep concentration and involvement, known as flow. Second language (L2) researchers increasingly recognize flow states as crucial for understanding their engagement in reading. However, our comprehensive review of L2 flow research identified that limited research exists on flow in English as a foreign language (EFL) reading tasks, particularly in Japanese classrooms. This study examines how task characteristics influence flow in EFL reading. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used, based on data from a total of 230 participants. The findings indicate that reading tasks with clear goals, an optimal challenge-skill balance, and intrinsic interest significantly promote flow, enhancing learner engagement and motivation. Interest in reading materials is identified as a key driver of sustained flow, underscoring the importance of content selection in curriculum design. The study provides practical insights into the long-term impact of flow-enhancing reading strategies on language proficiency.